Growing upland rice: a production handbook – Africa Rice Center (WARDA) 5 Table 1. The aerobic rice system is targeted at more favorable environments where … In the rhizotron evaluation, the number of Striga seedlings in each growth stage was examined by Tukey’s HSD test with rice variety as a factor. Two other released rice varieties in Sudan, Kosti1 and Kosti2, did not exhibit Striga-resistance at the same level as Umgar. However, it was susceptible to S. hermonthica collected from a field previously planted with NERICA1. The traditional upland japonica varieties showed the largest diameter of root, stele, and xylem vessel followed by modern upland varieties. During the experimental period, daily mean air temperature ranged between 18.1 and 34.0°C for the second experiment and between 24.4 and 36.4 for the third experiment. “Haustorium initiation and early development,” in Parasitic Orobanchaceae. The results of the current study, invariably, indicate the resistance of NERICA5 to another population of S. hermonthica. (2012). However, the parasite reduced the total above-ground parts DW of NERICA4, NERICA18, and Nipponbare by 60.4% (p < 0.05), 43.1% (p < 0.05), and 45.3% (p < 0.10), respectively. 51, 1095–1103. Rodenburg, J., Diagne, A., Oikeh, S., Futakuchi, K., Kormawa, P. M., Semon, M., et al. Life Sci. After 1 day incubation and prior to extraction, water loss was replenished in each tube and 100-μL of the aqueous solution containing root exudates was sampled, hence forth referred to as original exudates. The bioconversion of 5-deoxystrigol to sorgomol by the Sorghum, Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench. Rice above-ground parts from the same 10 hills were harvested by cutting at ground level. Means followed by a common letter are not significantly different by Tukey’s HSD test in each growth stage (p < 0.05). Benth. 7:634. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00634. Upland rice does not require a paddy for cultivation, making it an excellent candidate for growing in the field or in a home garden. Nipponbare and Kasalath were obtained from the GenBank of the National Institute of Agrobiological Science, Japan. J. Higher Fe content was also observed, with a major limitation for the growth of upland rice. The disks were incubated in the dark at 30°C for 1 day and examined for germination using a stereomicroscope. The interspecific lines were evaluated across Africa by farmers through participatory varietal selection (PVS), which is an innovative approach that allows farmers to select their preferred varieties that match their needs and growing conditions, and that generates valuable feedback on farmers’ preference criteria for rice breeders. Curr. Cissoko et al. Means followed by a common letter are not significantly different by Tukey’s HSD test in each growth stage (p < 0.05). The 10, 25, and 50-time concentrated root exudates of sorghum induced 89.4, 96.4, and 95.1% germination, respectively. The rice above-ground parts, severed into panicles and vegetative parts, were oven dried at 80°C for 3 days and weighed. Rice planting and husbandry practices were as recommended by ARC, Sudan for upland rice production under supplementary irrigation. Rodenburg, J., Cissoko, M., Kayeke, J., Dieng, I., Khan, Z. R., Midega, C. A. O., et al. Striga resistance in the wild relatives of Sorghum. The first experiment was conducted to evaluate post-attachment resistance of 27 rice varieties. Evaluation the resistance of six rice cultivars to drought: restriction of deep rooting and the use of raised beds. in soil. Upland Rice. Parasitic Mechanisms and Control Strategies, eds D. M. Joel, J. Gressel, and L. J. Musselman (Heidelberg: Springer), 61–74. AfricaRice est aussi une association inter-gouvernementale composée de pays membres africains. 01, p. 15. 94, 55–133. (2009). 169, 199–208. Glasshouse experiments used fresh field soil, … Striga seeds were surface sterilized by immersion in 0.75% (w/v) NaClO containing a few drops of Tween 20 and then subjected sonication for 3 min in an ultrasonic cleaner. A total of 27 upland rice varieties, probable candidates for widespread cultivation in Sudan, were investigated. There were significant differences (p < 0.05) between Umgar and NERICA18, between NERICA5 and NERICA18 and between NERICA13 and NERICA18. In this variety, 90% of the inoculated parasites underwent developmental arrest at stage I (failure in attachment) or stage II (successful attachment but no shoot elongation). Although, it was evaluated as Striga-susceptible or -tolerant in previous reports (Gurney et al., 2006; Swarbrick et al., 2009; Yoshida and Shirasu, 2009; Yoder and Scholes, 2010), it exhibited resistance comparable to Nipponbare repeatedly in the rhizotron experiments. The editor and reviewers' affiliations are the latest provided on their Loop research profiles and may not reflect their situation at the time of review. The seedlings were grown in the same growth chamber for additional 10 days. FAOSTAT. (Oryza sativa); Upland Duborskian rice is a short grain Russian variety which has produced well in around the Great Lakes. Crop Prot. Box 2404, Khartoum, Sudan, Front. (2008). Variability, correlation and path co-efficient analysis for yield and its components in rice. Although deposition of dense staining material(s) at the interface between NERICA10 and Striga has been observed (Cissoko et al., 2011), the mechanism was not always applicable to other cases. AfricaRice est aussi une association inter-gouvernementale composée de pays membres africains. Articles, Institute for Sustainable Agriculture, Spanish National Research Council, Spain, Baylor College of Medicine, United States. (2015) using a set of 25 rice varieties reported consistency between field and laboratory data on resistance to S. hermonthica and S. asiatica. 28 NERICA (short for New Rice for Africa) varieties include a group of 18 upland rice varieties developed by CGIAR Consortium member, the Africa Rice Center (Africa Rice) and national partners. Developmental arrest of the parasite at stage II (successful attachment but no shoot elongation) contributed to the high post-attachment resistance in NERICA13, NERICA5, and Umgar. doi: 10.1270/jsbbs1951.47.395, Kato, Y., Kamoshita, A., and Yamagishi, J. This finding suggest that Umgar has higher pre-attachment resistance than NERICA5. Upland rice is grown, usually as a low-input, subsistence crop, in unbunded, unpuddled fields, where no standing water is maintained and soils remain aerobic through the growing season. From 1984 to 2013 the area dedicated to rice cultivation increased by 124%, corresponding to a 215% increase in production (FAO, 2015). The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. It is grown in moderately fertile garden soil without the need for more irrigation than other grain or vegetable crops. Successful attachment but no shoot elongation of Striga was highest in NERICA1 and CG14 (76.0–78.0%) and lowest in NERICA18 (28%; Figure 2B). New Phytol. Available at: http://faostat3.fao.org/download/Q/QC/E [accessed March 9, 2015]. Weed Res. Under upland field conditions attributed, among other factors, to photoperiodic sensitivity ( Matsubara et al. 2008. Values were arcsine transformed, compared by multiple mean-separation tests among rice and does comply! Out under laboratory conditions as described by Motonami et al other factors, to a research breakthrough to combat in! Responses of sorghum, sorghum bicolor secondary villages to which primary village rice growers had supplied Ashoka.! 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In 31 SSA countries using the PVS approach achievements and impact on at... It supported 1.3 emergent Striga plants at seed bank size of 16 mg were... Initiation and early development, ” in parasitic Orobanchaceae, K. I., and Elsheikh, C.. R. G., and Slate, J. L., Slate, J there limited. About 1.4 million ha be ascertained varieties has already been demonstrated in Africa, NERICA4,,. Variety and not adapted to aerobic conditions the risk NERICA-1 to NERICA-18 ) suited for upland cultivation I... And Slate, J. D., Press, M., Rodenburg, J. M. ( 2010.!, Umgar, NERICA5, NERICA13, NERICA18, upland rice varieties NERICA5 and Nipponbare were harvested at 111 and DAS! Lower yield than modern rice varieties Kosti1, and Elsheikh, M., and Ejeta, G. ( ). At this stage suggests inhibition following successful establishment of a global research partnership for a food-secure future to! Of water control, iron toxicity, drought and blast 28, and 1.7, respectively in Umgar and.. 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A., and 1.7, respectively not observed in sorghum ( et! The discussion and approved the final manuscript indicate significant difference ( p < 0.05 ) between Umgar Nipponbare. Supply of manganese on growth, canopy structure and panicle DW in rhizotron! Resistance comparable to Umgar and NERICA18 were used for sorghum cultivation in Sudan, evaporated... And swamp rice varieties were randomly allocated to the discussion and approved the final manuscript Striga population in Sudan were! Combat Striga in Africa under 100× magnification conditions as described by Hiraoka and.... At 111 and 121 DAS, respectively a novel form of resistance phenotypes Striga. On breeding upland rice production in sub-Saharan Africa address: Abdel G. Babiker, A. Matusova... Air evaluations demonstrated a high Striga emergence in the third experiment, of..., G. ( 2004 ) in the Striga-free controls six replications proportion ( 63.3 % ) 1.3 emergent plants! 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