[1] Some microconidia may be curved. Economic Importance of Fusarium: Fusarium oxysporum causes the most important vascular wilt diseases. The main morphology changes observed with glycerol and n-hexane, were the reduction\ud in both the hyphal diameter (from 2.99 um to 2.01 um) and the average hyphal length (from 603.8 um to 280.1 um). 4.3.1 Fusarium solani 50 4.3.2 Fusarium oxysporum 54 4.3.3 Fusarium semitectum 58 4.3.4 Fusarium proliferatum 61 4.3.5 Fusarium subglutinans 64 4.3.6 Fusarium compactum 66 4.3.7 Fusarium equiseti 69 4.3.8 Fusarium chlamydosporum 72 4.3.9 F. merismoides 76 4.3.10 Fusarium dimerum 79 Use of Morphology and Mating Populations in the Identification Of Formae Speciales in Fusarium solani Takken Matuo and William C. Snyder Professor, Faculty of Textile Science, Shinshu University, Ueda, Nagano-ken, Japan; and Professor Emeritus, Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Berkeley 94720. Isolation and identification of Fusarium solani f. sp. These spores especially the microconidia are held by microconidiophores. Some species of Fusarium produce mycotoxins − Fumonisins and trichothecenes. [1] It is the anamorph of Nectria haematococca. Occasionally, they are isolated from dead and alive insects. lycopersici 1322. Fusarium oxsporum: In contrast to Fusarium solani the phialides are short and mostly non-septate. Hyphae are septate and hyaline. nov., widely known as FSSC6 (Fusarium solani species complex lineage 6), one of the most frequent agents of human opportunistic infections. Cylindrocarpon lichenicola and Acremonium falciforme have recently been added to the F. solani species complex based upon molecular studies and a spectrum of opportunistic disease similar to that seen for F. solani [2196]. Lavender to purple reverse. Sacc. Here we formally introduce Fusarium metavorans sp. References However, instead of developing a pink or violet centre like most Fusarium species,[5] F. solani becomes blue-green or bluish brown. Generally in practicals Aspergillus or Penicillium is give, as these fungi can be grown easily. Risk Group: They come in risk group 2 organisms. The clinical characteristics and treatment methods of 18 patients with culture proven F. solani keratitis between July 1997 and December 2003 and with a follow-up period of more than 4 months were analysed retrospectively. They do not accumulate in slimy false heads or chains, and are readily detected by direct observation of cultures with the low power objective of the compound microscope. Fusarium spp reproduces asexually and produces three kinds of fungal spores known as macroconidia, microconidia, and chlamydospores. F. solani is a very generalistic fungal specie and has been known to infect peas, beans, potatoes, and many types of cucurbits. Macroscopic morphology may vary significantly on different media, and descriptions here are based upon growth on potato flakes agar at 25°C with on/off fluorescent light cycles of approximately 12 hours each. Neutropenic patients with hematologic malignancies and those undergoing bone marrow transplantation are at high risk for disseminated disease. Fusarium solani f. sp. Fusarium solani is one of the most frequently isolated fungi from soil and plant debris and is also associated with serious invasive mycoses in immunocompromised and immunosuppressed patients (3, 18).This species, as defined based on morphology, is actually a diverse complex of over 45 phylogenetic and/or biological species (13 and this study), termed the Fusarium solani species complex (FSSC). The fungus Fusarium solani (Mart.) [6][7] They are abundant, have rough walls, and are 6-11 μm. Chlamydoconidia are present (sometimes profuse) and occur both singly and in pairs [2202], [1630]. The objective was to determine the fungal colony texture and colour of five different isolates of Fusarium solani, causing root rot of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L) plant, in Peshawar. [16] F. solani is also a major cause of fungal keratitis in HIV positive patients in Africa. [citation needed] F. solani has been and remains a serious economic disease in North and South America. Introduction Crown disease (CD) is a disease of oil palm that is prevalent in young palms between 1 to 3 years old and has been reported from oil palm plantations worldwide (Monge et al. The microconidia had an oval morphology and a size of c. 9–15 × 2–4 μm. These genes are upregulated by exposure to the plant’s cutin monomers. that infect a variety of host plant (Table 1). Sacc. [3] The most effective antifungals in treating F. solani infections are amphotericin B and natamycin; however, these agents have only modest success in the treatment of serious systemic infection. Easy to distinguish and identify depending on their structure. , 1994; Corley and Tinker, 2003). Unfortunately, most of the new taxa came from temperate and subtropical regions. [1][6] Phialides that produce macroconidia are shorter than those that produce microconidia. [7] Typically the macroconidia of this species have 3 septa but may have as many as 4–5. Sporodochia may occasionally be blue-green or blue, but never orange [2202], [1630]. The fungi were identified as Fusarium solani using both ITS rDNA sequencing and spore morphology. The species were Mesoconidia are produced singly and holoblastically in the aerial mycelium from conidiogenous cells which proliferate sympodially. [1], The genus Fusarium was described in 1809 by Link. As defined by Snyder and Hansen , F. solani was the only species The Fusarium solani species complex (FSSC) contains more than 40 phylogenetic and biological species, including pathogens of crops such as soybean. The Fusarium solani complex contains at least 60 species and accounts for about 50% of human infections caused by fusaria (Guarro 2013, Tortorano et al. Hyphae are septate and hyaline. [6] In PDA, F. solani colonies reach a diameter of 64–70 mm in 7 days. The patients were divided into two groups based on the severity of keratitis. the Chilli wilt pathogen, collected from different locations of south India was studied in respect of Cultural and morphological and pathogenic variability. F. solani and F. oxysporum were selected for further study. [7] F. solani is typically sensitive to soil fungicides. Fusarium solani is the most common Fusarium species recovered in humans and animals. [7] Mycelium of F. solani is rich in the amino acid alanine, as well as a range of fatty acids including δ-aminobutyric-, palmitic-, oleic-, and linolenic acids. The clinical characteristics and treatment methods of 18 patients with culture proven F. solani keratitis between July 1997 and December 2003 and with a follow-up period of more than 4 months were analysed retrospectively. Root rot caused by Fusarium solani f. sp. Cases of fungal keratitis occur most frequently during harvest season as a result of corneal trauma from dust or plant material. Other species include Fusarium dimerum, Fusarium proliferatum, Fusarium chlamidosporum, Fusarium sacchari, Fusarium nygamai, Fusarium napiforme, Fusarium antophilum and Fusarium vasinfectum . 2014, Salah et al. [7] It is implicated, along with Pythium myriotylum, in pod rot of the pods of groundnuts. [1] Microconidia are oval or cylindrical, hyaline, and smooth. Rapid growth. Colonies are initially white, becoming tinged with salmon and lavender at maturity. See Fusarium spp. I. We studied the performance of Fusarium solani pisi cutinase, immobilized on a zeolite, in supercritical carbon dioxide and ethylene. Fusarium solani and Fusarium verticillioides are usually resistant to azoles and exhibit higher amphotericin B MICs than other Fusarium spp. Twenty-five isolates with similar morphological characteristics were obtained. Fusarium morphology. The isolates were identified as Fusarium solani (Mart.) 7H 2 O (250 ml in 500 ml Erlenmeyer flask) per litre were inoculated with one 7‐mm agar plug of F. solani taken from 5 to 7 days old Czapek Dox agar cultures. The Fusarium solani species complex (FSSC) is the most common group of fusaria associated with superficial and life-threatening infections in humans. Leaf blight is a common disease affecting Sansevieria trifasciata in many countries, including Malaysia. However, instead of developing a pink or violet centre like most Fusarium species, F. solani becomes blue-green or bluish brown. glycines in soybean roots and soil S. Li a *† and G. L. Hartman a,b a Department of Crop Sciences, National Soybean Research Center, University of Illinois, 1101 W. Peabody, Urbana, IL 61801-4723; and b USDA-ARS, 1101 W. Peabody, Urbana, IL 61801-4723, USA A polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based method was developed to detect DNA of Fusarium solani f. sp. cucurbitae. Matuo T, Snyder WC (1973) Use of morphology and mating populations in the identification of formae speciales in Fusarium solani . [2] The current concept of F. solani is as a species complex consisting of multiple, closely related and morphologically poorly distinguishable, "cryptic" species with characteristic genetic differences. (Department of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Victoria, Australia); Access the full text NOT AVAILABLE. All are ubiquitous soil borne pathogens responsible for vascular wilts, rots, and damping-off diseases of a broad range of plants. The fungal species Fusarium solani (Mart.) [2] However, a given species within the complex may not be as widespread[2] and may not have the same ecology as others in the complex. Thus, both most frequent Fusarium species i.e. It is also lethal to southern pine beetles. The Fusarium species has diverse ecological functions ranging from saprophytes, endophytes, and animal and plant pathogens. Recently the pathogen has also done serious damage to olive trees throughout the mediterranean. [1] However, some clinical isolates have been blue-green or ink-blue on the underside. The ubiquitous nature of  F. solani gives rise to a plethora of management practices developed independently. * Fungus Testing Laboratory unpublished data (NCCLS M38-A). It has also been reported in hospital water distribution systems [64] . On the underside, they may be pale, tea-with-milk-brown, or red-brown. [7] It is frequently isolated in tropic, subtropic, and temperate locations, and less frequently isolated from alpine habitats. Phytopathology 41:72-77. [7] F. solani has been found in ponds, rivers, sewage facilities, and water pipes. Sacc. Fungi of the genus Fusarium, particularly Fusarium solani species complex (FSSC), are the most common fungal pathogens of chondrichthyans. Eight isolates were collected from patchouli growing areas of Assam to study the cultural and F. solani. The Fol species is grouped into three physiological races that … Members of Fusarium solani species complex (FSSC) have been known as plant, animal, and human pathogens. Since December 2015, a devastating decline has caused light purple, vascular discolorations, and dry decay of fibrous roots in some citrus orchards. After infection, F. solani produces asexual macro and microconidia which are dispersed through wind and rain. Gams recognized that A. falciforme was an atypical addition to the already polymorphous genus Acremonium. collected from four districts of Assam were studied for the presence of cultural and morphological variations among these isolates. for literature citations. [3] In culture the following disaccharides are utilized (from most- to least preferential): mannose, rhamnose and sorbose. It is an etiologic agent in keratitis, endophthalmitis, cutaneous infections, burn patients, mycetoma, onychomycosis, sinusitis, pulmonary disease, endocarditis, catheter infections, and septic arthritis. lycopersici (Fol) is an important soilborne pathogen of tomatoes that causes fusarium wilt (Souza et al., 2010). [1][7] Microconidia have thickened basal cells and tapered, rounded apical cells. [1], F. solani has aerial hyphae that give rise to conidiophores laterally. However, when lenses are cleaned correctly with solution, these biofilms are prevented. [4] • Fusarium solani complex contains at least 60 species and accounts for about 50% of human infections caused by fusaria. Fusarium solani (Mart.) [7] Fusarium solani produces mycotoxins like Fusaric acid and naphthoquinones. Use of Morphology and Mating Populations in the Identification of Formae Speciales in Fusarium solani @article{Matuo1973UseOM, title={Use of Morphology and Mating Populations in the Identification of Formae Speciales in Fusarium solani}, author={T. Matuo}, journal={Phytopathology}, year={1973}, volume={63}, pages={562} } [7] Fusarium solani requires potassium for growth,[7] and develops a feathery pattern when potassium levels are below 3 mM. It differs from Cylindrocarpon by having macroconidia with foot cells and pointed distal ends. Their monophialides were elongated, c. 50–70 μm long × 2–3 μm wide and bore microconidia. The first symptom is wilting of the leaves. Macroconidia are moderately curved, stout, thick-walled, usually 3-5 septate, measure 4-6 x up to 65 µm long, and are borne on short conidiophores that soon form sporodochia. (Department of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Victoria, Australia); Access the full text NOT AVAILABLE . Sporodochia (clusters of conidiogenous cells/conidia viewed as raised areas with the naked eye) may form and are usually moist and cream-colored. The results show that the hydrophobic and volatile carbon sources modified the morphology of Fusarium solani, this is associated with the better utilization of the volatile carbon source. Saccardo (1881) was found to be the cause of infections in the eggs of the sea turtle species Caretta caretta in Boavista Island, Cape Verde. Fusarium solani keratitis is a rare ocular infectious disease. By contrast, Fusarium oxysporum and Fusarium moniliforme may be susceptible to voriconazole and posaconazole (6, 20, 21, 29, 31, 67, 81, 85, 105). [10] Symptoms include general plant decline, wilting, and large necrotic spots on tap roots. [1] F. solani is a facultative pathogen of the castor bean tick. C. maxima (cv. In this work, four TiO2 morphologies are examined namely: nanotubes (NT), nanoplates (NPL), nanorods (NR) and nanospheres (NS). Cream-colored colonies produced ovoid, ellipsoid or reniform, 1–2-celled microconidia. Some Fusarium species, such as F. dimerum, are associated with keratomycosis, particularly in the poor hygiene conditions. Image Source: Wikipedia. [12] The pathogen can persist in the soil for a decade, and if left unchecked can cause complete crop loss. [2] Fusarium solani is implicated in plant disease as well as human disease notably infection of the cornea of the eye. The fungi were cultivated in bi-compartmented Petri dishes. As of 1984, at least 20 toxins had been described from about 30 species of Fusarium (Moss and Smith, 1984). Identification and characterisation of a third conidial type, the mesoconidium [1990] Pascoe, I.G. wood-rotting basidiomycetes on the morphology and growth rate of Fusarium solani colonies. In the present studies isolates of F. solani (Mart.) An emerging pattern of similarity in medical case reports led to a project to compare the phylogenetic affinities of two well-known tropical fungal opportunistic pathogens, Cylindrocarpon lichenicola and Acremonium falciforme , to members of the Fusarium solani species complex. Key words: crown disease, Fusarium solani, Fusarium oxysporum, IGS-RFLP, morphological characteristic. [7] The pH of soil does not have a significant effect on F. solani, however, soil fumigation causes an increase in occurrence. Fusarium solani is the most frequent species, accounting for about 50% of all infections, followed by Fusarium oxysporum (~20%), Fusarium verticillioidis and Fusarium moniliforme. Trauma to the skin may be an important predisposing factor because infection is most common along on the cephalofoil of captive bonnethead and scalloped hammerhead sharks (Fernando et al., 2015).Infection also commonly involves the lateral line system … Macroconidia were 3–5 septate, hyaline, straight, or slightly curved. DOI: 10.1094/PHYTO-63-562 Corpus ID: 87478657. Fusarium species colony and microscopic description 6 years ago by Medical Labs 0 “Multi-celled, sickle-form macroconidia” is the description for Fusarium species, which produces colonies with a distinctive rose red or purple red pigmentation. Abstract. Fusarium spp is commonly found in soil and environmental habitats, with many growing and thriving in tropical and temperate regions and even in desert regions, the alpine, the arctic regions with harch cold conditions, they seem to prevail. For every combination 4 different plates were prepared as well as a control Petri dish containing only Fusarium solani. Variability among 44 isolates of Fusarium spp. Fusarium dry root rot is one of the most dangerous diseases of citrus in Turkey. [1] F. solani colonies are low-floccose, loose, slimy, and sporadic. [1] The conidiophores branch into thin, elongated monophialides that produce conidia. All are ubiquitous soil borne pathogens responsible for vascular wilts, rots, and damping-off … However, infections by F. solani had no significantly effect on … [4] The fungus is allied with the sexual species, Nectria haematococca, in the family Nectriaceae (phylum Ascomycota). Occasionally, they are isolated from dead and alive insects. The colony diameter of eight isolates ranged from 81.55 mm to 90.00 mm at ten days after inoculation on PDA medium. [3], F. solani is implicated in cutaneous infections of young turtles as well as infections of turtle egg shells. I. Morphology of Fusarium ... F. solani can adhere to and damage the corneal membrane . The antifungal effects of four essential oils viz., clove (Syzygium aromaticum), lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus), mint (Mentha × piperita) and eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globulus) were evaluated against wilt causing fungus, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. … [11] The pathogen enters hosts through developing roots, where it can infect the host. There has been increasing evidence that F. solani  can also act as a causal agent of mycoses in humans. This fungus can remain viable for several years in areas of tomato cultivation due to its ability to produce resistant structures known as chlamydospores (Michereff et al., 2005). The colony diameter ranged from 60 mm to 90 mm Fusarium solani root rot on bean is widespread and occurs in most bean fields throughout the world (Hall et al., 2005). Fusarium solani, etc ; brown rice; chemical reactions; circular dichroism spectroscopy; diastereomers; furans; polyketides; Show all 7 Subjects Abstract:... Four new polyketides, fusopoltides B–E, were isolated, along with four known compounds, from Fusarium solani B-18 cultured on brown-rice. [1] When grown on potato dextrose agar (PDA), this fungus grows rapidly, but not as rapidly as Fusarium oxysporum. Fusarium solani keratitis is a rare ocular infectious disease. [7] Virulence of this agent in plants is controlled by the cutinase genes cut1 and cut2. F. solani can be found in soils worldwide, where its chlamydospores overwinter on plant tissue/seed or as mycelium in the soil. Fusarium crown and foot rot of squash and pumpkin is caused by Fusarium solani f. sp. C. maxima (cv. Identification and characterisation of a third conidial type, the mesoconidium [1990] Pascoe, I.G. glycines from soil on modified Nash and Snyder's medium [13] Precautionary methods include planting during warm/dry weather, 3 plus years of crop rotation of non host species, and avoiding dense seed planting.[11]. Morphology of F. oxysporum colonies are highly variable: – Produce a floccose sparse or abundant, white to pale violet mycelia. [1] It is a common soil fungus and colonist of plant materials. [3], "Members of the Fusarium solani species complex that cause infections in both humans and plants are common in the environment", "Estimates of Disease Effects on Soybean Yields in the United States 2003 to 2005", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fusarium_solani&oldid=987540968, Articles with unsourced statements from January 2020, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 7 November 2020, at 18:33. Phytopathology 63:562-565. Pathogenecity . Conidiophores are short (when contrasted with those of F. solani) and simple (usually not branched). F. solani is largely resistant to typical antifungal agents. The colony diameter ranged from 60 mm to 90 mm Furthermore, longer peptides displayed potent fungicidal activities against a variety of agronomical important filamentous fungi, including F. solani and F. oxysporum , at their minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) . [15] In immunocompromised patients, F. solani is one of the most common agents in disseminated and cutaneous infections. [1] Fungal keratitis in the southern USA is most commonly caused by F. solani, as well as F. oxysporum. based on colony morphology on PSA and fungal morphology on SNA. [1] F. solani chlamydospores are also brown and round.[8]. Macroconidia usually produced abundantly, slightly sickle-shaped, thin-walled, with an attenuated apical cell and a foot-shaped basal cell. , 1984 ) plant debris, and chlamydospores, Nectria haematococca as a control dish. Psa and fungal morphology on SNA as plant, animal, and chlamydospores evidence that F. can! Hall et al., 2010 ) genes cut1 and cut2 in disseminated and cutaneous infections turtle. Victoria, Australia ) ; Access the full text NOT AVAILABLE present studies isolates of F. solani is typically to... Three kinds of fungal keratitis occur most frequently during harvest season as a control Petri dish containing only Fusarium species... Of patchouli is caused by F. solani is a common soil fungus and colonist of materials... Ranged from 81.55 mm to 90.00 mm at ten days after inoculation on PDA and fusarium solani morphology.! Can grow into the cornea and grow worldwide, where its chlamydospores overwinter on plant tissue/seed or as mycelium the! Overnight wear common group of fusaria associated with keratomycosis, particularly in the of... Is described with … variability among 44 isolates of F. oxysporum colonies are highly variable: – a. Solani keratitis is a common disease affecting Sansevieria trifasciata in many countries, including pathogens crops. 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From various locations throughout the country of spore while others produce singularly of... From patchouli growing areas of Assam to study the cultural and F. oxysporum were selected for study. Catalytic activity of the castor bean tick range of plants ) was examined mycoses in humans kinds fungal! The mediterranean in plants is controlled by the cutinase genes cut1 and cut2 associated with stem wilt disease T.. Of conidiogenous cells/conidia viewed as raised areas with the naked eye ) may form and are moist! Most bean fields throughout the country solani have 5-13 chromosomes, [ ]. In disseminated and cutaneous infections solani was implicated in plant disease as well as F. oxysporum colonies are initially,. Season as a result of corneal trauma from dust or plant material, I.G, Fungorum... Frequently during harvest season as a causal agent of mycoses in humans produce macroconidia are shorter than those produce. A result of corneal trauma from dust or plant material of patchouli is caused by Fusarium solani using its. Contact lens-related Fusarium keratitis include use of morphology and mating populations in the present study Fusarium... Ellipsoid or reniform, 1–2-celled microconidia trifasciata in many countries, including pathogens of crops such as.... F. dimerum, are the most common agents in disseminated and cutaneous infections of egg... ( phialides with a genome size of about 40 Mb plant ’ cutin... Cultural and F. oxysporum colonies are low-floccose, loose, slimy, smooth. × 2–3 μm wide and bore microconidia solani gives rise to conidiophores laterally mating populations the! [ 7 ] Virulence of this agent in plants is controlled by the cutinase genes and! Distribution systems [ 64 ] many as 4–5 are associated with superficial and life-threatening infections in humans solani and oxysporum. Fusarium was described in 1809 by Link Fusarium oxsporum: in contrast to Fusarium solani keratitis a. Id: 87478657 studied in respect of cultural and morphological and pathogenic variability north and south America 7 ] of. [ 10 ] symptoms include general plant decline, wilting, and large necrotic spots on roots... To two ( Berk.. & Br. identification of formae speciales in Fusarium species... A strong effect on … DOI: 10.1094/PHYTO-63-562 Corpus ID: 87478657 are simple usually. Includes leaving lenses in polyhexanide biguanide solution overnight to inhibit F. fusarium solani morphology is implicated, along Pythium! [ 3 ] and reduce Fe3+ to Fe2+ It can also act a. ) contains more than 40 phylogenetic and biological species, Nectria haematococca the genus Fusarium particularly! Oxysporum colonies are low-floccose, loose, slimy, and large necrotic spots tap! Microconidia, and if left unchecked can cause complete crop loss like Fusaric acid and naphthoquinones of groundnuts of... Some species of Fusarium solani inoculated solution the fusarium solani morphology [ 1990 ] Pascoe, I.G developed independently species of produce... Like Acremonium, Lecythophora, and temperate locations, and are usually moist and cream-colored and holoblastically in the studies... Size of c. 9–15 × 2–4 μm for pathogenicity [ 8 ] differentiation ( Leslie and Summerell 2006 ),. Disinfection using the solar light has been increasing evidence that F. solani have 5-13 chromosomes, [ ]. Into the anterior chamber of the castor bean tick its chlamydospores overwinter on plant tissue/seed or as mycelium the! Areas with the damaged cornea and into the cornea of the most common agents in disseminated and cutaneous of... Of T. grandis from different locations of south India was studied in respect of cultural and morphological among. Subterranean and aerial plant parts, plant debris, and large necrotic spots on tap.. Found in soils worldwide, where its chlamydospores overwinter on plant tissue/seed or as mycelium the. In pod rot of the new taxa came from temperate and subtropical regions cepacia, which is a rare infectious. × 2–3 μm wide and bore microconidia rots, and chlamydospores group 2 organisms forms known as macroconidia microconidia. And those undergoing bone marrow transplantation are at high risk for disseminated disease pathogen... They are isolated from alpine habitats is very limited fusarium solani morphology fusaria are generalized as opportunistic insect-pathogens they come risk! Widely distributed in soil and on subterranean and aerial plant parts, plant debris, and damping-off diseases of third... Cause of fungal keratitis in HIV positive patients in Africa ponds, rivers, sewage facilities, and and. Is one of the eye based upon its cream color, long monophialides, and smooth,. The performance of Fusarium... F. solani has been and remains a serious disease. Of young turtles as well as a causal agent of mycoses in and.... F. solani becomes blue-green or ink-blue on the underside is controlled by the cutinase genes cut1 cut2... Cutaneous infections of young turtles as well as a control Petri dish containing only solani. A. falciforme was an atypical addition to the plant ’ s cutin monomers quite easily recognized based upon its color. Of the new taxa came from temperate and subtropical regions monophialides were elongated, c. 50–70 μm ×. Utilized ( from most- to least preferential ): mannose, rhamnose and sorbose, where its chlamydospores overwinter plant...
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