Sthwest. Pengalaman Agricultural and Natural Resource center of Fars Province Research Sep 1995 - Kini 25 tahun 4 bulan. Eucalyptus robusta JE. Industrial application of micropropagation. These tend to replace E. robusta on sites with very high water tables. Eucalyptus trials in the Northern Territory coastal region. Growing in swampy or waterlogged soils, it is up to 30 m (98 ft) high with thick spongy reddish brown bark and dark green broad leaves, which help form a dense canopy. No. Tissue culture of Eucalyptus. Volume 2. 102. Growth habits of the Eucalypts. Hawaii, USA: College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources, University of Hawaii. Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). Plant Resources of South-East Asia No. [Die industrielle Nutzung der Mikrovermehrung.] It may split and distort during seasoning and is not stable in fluctuating atmospheric conditions. USDA-ARS, 2014. Fruit cylindrical, 10–18 mm long, 6–11 mm diam. A checklist of the total vascular plant flora of Singapore: native, naturalised and cultivated species., Singapore: Raffles Museum of Biodiversity Research, National University of Singapore. The fruits have valves that are usually joined across the orifice, in comparison other species which have free valves.Griffin et al. Florianópolis - SC, Brazil: I3N Brasil, Instituto Hórus de Desenvolvimento e Conservação Ambiental. Silvae Genetica, 42(1):9-15; 31 ref. 175 refs. In the USA, E. robusta is used to produce rotary cut construction grade veneer. The heartwood is pale red when freshly cut, but turning orange-red or red-brown with age. The flowers are pollinated by Bees, Insects. Durst PB, 1988. Special areas in Hawaii: Wahiawa, Aiea, Kalopa, Tantalus, Pepeekeo. Eucalyptus robusta var. The species is quite easy to work with. Sta, No. ), known as swamp mahogany in its native Australia, is a tree now com- mon in Hawaii. Highly adaptable to different environments, Tolerates, or benefits from, cultivation, browsing pressure, mutilation, fire etc, Benefits from human association (i.e. Canberra, Australia: Australian Government Publishing Service. Sax DF, 2002. Currently E. robusta is listed as invasive in Brazil, Hawaii, Puerto Rico and islands in the Pacific Ocean (see distribution table for details). and Eurymeloides sp. Adult leaves disjunct, broad-lanceolate, 10–17 cm long, 2–4.5 cm wide, dark green, glossy, discolorous, penniveined. http://www.prota4u.org/search.asp, USDA-ARS, 2014. pp. Little EL Jr, 1983. Complément… Partie de la Plante Eucalyptus radiata A.Cunn. Tropical Forestry Papers, No. ; 102 pl. The leaf-eating beetle, Maecolaspis favosa, has reportedly caused serious damage to young seedlings and coppice shoots in Florida; older trees are unaffected (Geary et al., 1983). ; [B]. Robusta Eucalyptus Robusta Eucalyptus. ; 1 pl. The trunk is usually straight and extends to about one half the height of the tree, or to two thirds of the tree height in dense stands on favourable sites. Ruskin FR, 1983. Robusta Eucalyptus wood: its properties and uses. In: Determination of Endangered Status for 48 Species on Kauai and designation of Critical Habitat: Final Rule. Synonyms: Eucalyptus multiflora var. Eucalyptus robusta is an evergreen Tree growing to 30 m (98ft) by 20 m (65ft) at a fast rate. View and Print this Publication (509 KB) Citation. Eucalyptus robusta Sm. Corymbia intermedia) and sometimes E. tereticornis. ; ISBN 0-621-04763-5; 208 ref. Firewood crops. Boxus P, 1992. US Fish and Wildlife Service, 19 pp. Sta. Washington DC, USA: Smithsonian Institution. upper peninsula. Eucalyptus. Clemson A, 1985. Wallingford, UK: CABI, CABI, Undated b. CABI Compendium: Status as determined by CABI editor. It is hardy to zone (UK) 9. The Netherlands: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. Pickford GD, 1962. Marked by deeply furrowed dark gray-brown bark, eucalyptus robusta grows well in Halawa. Eucalyptus botryoides, commonly known as the bangalay, bastard jarrah, woollybutt or southern mahogany, is a small to tall tree native to southeastern Australia.Reaching up to 40 metres (130 feet) high, it has rough bark on its trunk and branches. US Fish and Wildlife Service, 2011. Revista de Microbiologia, 24(4):232-238. Melbourne, Australia: Inkata Press. Buds fusiform, 16–24 mm long, 6–8 mm diam., scar present; calyptra elongate acute or rostrate, as long and as wide as hypanthium. Un Eucalyptus à la magnifique et abondante floraison rouge, natif d'Australie. Australian trees and shrubs: species for land rehabilitation and farm planting in the tropics., viii + 384 pp. However, hybrid breakdown (e.g. London: Edward Arnold Ltd. 1976, v + 82 pp. For. 322pp. The heartwood is moderately durable, i.e. Sthwest. Biomass production by fast-growing trees. xx + 551. novus (see review in Fenton et al., 1977; El-Gholl et al., 1993). ; 5 ref. robusta belongs broadly to the eastern blue gums, subseries Saligninae, series Salignae, section Transversaria, subgenus Symphyomyrtus of the informal classification of Pryor and Johnson (1971). Plantation timber on the island of Oahu - 1966. Catalogue of the Seed Plants of the West Indies. When several references are cited, they may give conflicting information on the status. robusta, have been used for draining water-logged areas if that's what you are looking for. Oxford, UK: Clarendon Press. Pacif. ; 25pp. Skolmen RG, 1971. ; B. Pryor LD, Johnson LAS, 1971. + 3 maps. value 700 mm). It also grows on the offshore islands of North Stradbroke, Moreton and Fraser in south-east Queensland. The planted forest and the private forest of the Madagascar highlands. Chemical composition of five essential oils of Eucalyptus species from Mali: E. houseana F.V. Manual of the Flowering Plants of Hawaii, revised edition., Honolulu, Hawaii, USA: University of Hawaii Press. This species was also introduced to Florida around 1880, Hawaii around 1885, and Puerto Rico around 1915. Sta. Jacobs MR, 1981. Flora of China Editorial Committee, 2014. 67, 1962. pp. Brooker MIH, Kleinig DA, 1983. Bertrand A, 1992. Webb DB, Wood PJ, Smith JP, Henman GS, 1984. The Florida program has produced and assessed the potential of E. grandis × E. robusta hybrids. Research Paper, Pacific Southwest Forest and Range Experiment Station, USDA Forest Service, No. This can be avoided if the timber is air-dried to less than 30% moisture content before kiln-seasoning (Keating and Bolza, 1982). Eucalyptus seed. Flora of Australia, 19. Studyres contains millions of educational documents, questions and answers, notes about the course, tutoring questions, cards and course recommendations that will help you learn and learn. (Durst, 1988). USDA Forest Service General Technical Report, Pacific Southwest Forest and Range Experiment Station, No. Trees for saltland: a guide to selecting native species for Australia. A firm favourite of the Koala, the Swamp Mahogany loves wet feet as it’s common name indicates. Brooker MIH, Kleinig DA, 1994. E. robusta spreads by seeds. King JP, Krugman SL, 1980. The Eucalyptus Tree has it all! It is not favoured for general building purposes because of degradation during drying (Bootle, 1983), or for steam-bending (Keating and Bolza, 1982). Jacobs MR, 1955. Canberra, Australia: Division of Forest Research, CSIRO. Hybrids with E. tereticornis are not uncommon where they occur in close proximity. Flora of China Editorial Committee (2014), US Fish and Wildlife Service, Between 1930 and 1960 about 2.3 million trees were planted in Hawaii and by 1960 more than 4650 ha (11,500 acres) of plantations were established in Hawaii (Little and Skolmen, 2003). 1, 265pp. In: Recovery Outline for the Kauai Ecosystem. The species is used for honey production in many areas where it is planted (Little, 1983; Carlowitz, 1986). PSW-8, 30 pp. Patterns of genetic diversity in Australian tree species. Not much is known about the health risks, so practice general woodworking guidelines. 6 pp. Oxford, UK: Clarendon Press, 308 pp. Eucalyptus robusta / Wikipedia (2) Eucalyptus robusta / AgroForestryTree Database (3) Studies on the chemical constituents of Eucalyptus robusta Sm. Aussi appelé Gommier rouge ou Eucalyptus à feuilles de figuier, il est remarquable par sa magnifique et abondante floraison rouge, qui laisse place à de sympathiques capsules pendantes décoratives. (1988) list several examples of natural and manipulated hybrids involving E. robusta. It often hybridises with forest red gum (E. tereticornis), the resulting plants having been given the name E. patentinervis. Uppsala, Sweden: International Rural Development Centre, University of Agricultural Sciences, 45-58. Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). Patterns of natural and manipulated hybridisation in the genus Eucalyptus L'Herit. PROTA, 2014. Auckland, New Zealand: Groome Pöyry Ltd. Zobel BJ, Van Wyk G, Stahl P, 1987. Keating WG, Bolza E, 1982. The common name of swamp mahogany comes from its preferred habitat of swamps, and its timber's likeness to that of West Indies mahogany (Swietenia mahagoni). Flora of China. http://www.hear.org/pier/index.html, PROTA, 2014. E. robusta is a very adaptable species, and has been established successfully over a remarkable range of environments from equatorial regions to an approximate latitude 35ºS (Penfold and Willis, 1961; Streets, 1962; Pryor, 1976; Fenton et al., 1977; Poynton, 1979; Jacobs, 1981; Turnbull and Pryor, 1984; Durst, 1988). Eucalyptus robusta var. In: Burns RM, Mosquera M, eds. Pacific Islands Ecosystems at Risk. ; 72 ref. Pour plus dinformation sur le lerp voir la section 2.4.3. Boland DJ, Brooker MIH, Turnbull JW, Kleinig DA, 1980. bivalvis (Blakely) Blakely Eucalyptus robusta var. Australia: Hamlyn. PROTA4U web database. Wagner WI, Herbst DR, Sohmer SH, 1999. Processing Hawaii-grown Robusta Eucalyptus from logs into furniture. Combined Proceedings, International Plant Propagators' Society, 32: 98-109. The species was originally introduced as a candidate for timber production, fuel, watershed protection, and windbreaks. Au niveau mondial le nombre total de cas est de 67 843 675, le nombre de guérisons est de 43 663 436, le nombre de décès est de 1 548 062. xv + 472 pp. E. robusta is a medium to large tree and is capable of rapid early growth in suitable environments. In vitro plantlets of Eucalyptus robusta 'Matong' Disukai oleh Abolhasan Moghimi. In vitro plantlets of Eucalyptus robusta 'Matong' Liked by Hamed Hassanzadeh Khankahdani. Julissa Rojas-Sandoval, Department of Botany-Smithsonian NMNH, Washington DC, USA, Pedro Acevedo-Rodríguez, Department of Botany-Smithsonian NMNH, Washington DC, USA. ; 40 ref. Durst (1988) gives the lower limit of tolerance as -11°C. In the past, the fungus Cylindrocladium scoparium [Calonectria kyotensis] has caused serious seedling losses in Florida (Durst, 1988), but is now controlled by soil sterilization and sprays. Burgan, Robert E. 1971. ; 36 pl. (1984), and Holliday and Watton (1989).Foliage This is the case in Madagascar, where extensive plantations of this species provide fuel, charcoal, transmission poles, construction timber, bridging material and flooring (Bertrand, 1992). Grubben GJH, Denton OA, eds. Pulpwood is the major use of E. robusta in Florida (Durst, 1988). Eucalyptus robusta is naturally found in Australia growing in a narrow band on the east coast from Jervis Bay in New South Wales to Rockhampton in Queensland, appearing in open forests around swamps or along saltwater estuaries to an altitude of 600 m (1,968 ft). PSW-9:12. Vol. Comparing potential energy trees for Panama, Curtis and Duke (1982) cite Puerto Rico studies showing green weight of 14,556 kg/ha for Eucalyptus robusta, 8,922 for Albizia procera, 6,932 for Casuarina equisetifolia, 4,360 for Leucaena (K-8), 599 kg only … Hartney VJ, 1982. In southern Florida, E. robusta was a major component of a genetic improvement program for pulpwood production which began in the 1960s (Geary et al., 1983). These monospecific plantations have resulted in the conversion of open ecosystems into forest ecosystems and in the loss of native biodiversity by shading, soil exposure and erosion, allelopathic activity and important modifications in water infiltration and nutrient regimes (Sax, 2002; Orwa et al., 2009; I3N-Brazil, 2014). Lowland tropical hardwoods. Bees foraging on the nectar of E. robusta flowers produce dark amber, highly aromatic honey of acceptable flavour (Clemson, 1985). Honey and pollen flora., iv + 263 pp. Juvenile leaves disjunct, ovate, glossy green. Homonyms Eucalyptus robusta Sm. Dvorak WS, Franklin EC, Meskimen G, 1981. 1968. Check out our eucalyptus robusta selection for the very best in unique or custom, handmade pieces from our shops. Bootle KR, 1983. In Puerto Rico, E. robusta is susceptible to gummosis and trunk rots caused by Polyporus schweinitzii [Phaeolus schweinitzii] and Fomes spp. A handbook for their identification. Chong KY, Tan HTW, Corlett RT, 2009. Another fungus, Botryosphaeria ribis, causes cankers on the trunk (Jacobs, 1981). South-east Asia, Northern Australia and the Pacific. Older trees under stress by drought are attacked by eucalypt borers (Phoracantha sp. 40. Soils are typically heavy clays, but also light sandy clays (Marcar et al., 1995). E. robusta is readily distinguished from its close relatives through characteristics of the bark, adult leaves, floral buds and fruits. 5-Year Review: Summary and Evaluation. Raleigh, NC: North Carolina State University. Evans J, 1982. Washington DC, USA: National Academy Press. and Epithora dorsalis), bullseye borer (Phoracantha acanthocera, synonym Tryphocaria acanthocera) and cossid borer (Endoxyla spp.). I3N-Brasil, 2014. xxi + 362 pp. Uganda, amtlich Republik Uganda, (Swahili und Deutsch:; Englisch) ist ein Binnenstaat in Ostafrika mit etwa 35 Millionen Einwohnern auf einer Fläche von 241.040 km². ; [B]. Dordrecht, Germany: Kluwer, 247-265. double recessive, or other unwanted phenotypes) occurs rapidly in generations after the F1 stage (Geary et al., 1983).Reproductive Biology. In vitro plantlets of Eucalyptus robusta 'Matong' Liked by Shahla Amani. http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/, I3N-Brasil, 2014. Working with mycorrhizas in forestry and agriculture. Langkamp PJ, 1987. E. robusta is best known as a plantation species in the Madagascar highlands, but also in the USA (Hawaii, Florida, California) and Central America (Puerto Rico). ; 73 pp. lanaiense, Lanai sandalwood ('iliahi). Flora of New South Wales Vol. Therefore, the probability of this species colonizing new habitats or being intentionally introduced into new habitats remains high. of ref. E. multiflora), robusta eucalyptus, swamp mahogany, swamp messmate, beakpod eucalyptus Family Myrtaceae. Institute of Biology's Studies in Biology 61. US Fish and Wildlife Service, 2010. Nairobi, Kenya: International Council for Research in Agroforestry. Report to the Southern African Regional Commission for the Conservation and Utilization of the Soil (SARCCUS) on tree planting in southern Africa. E. robusta occurs naturally in Australia, within a narrow coastal strip from southern New South Wales (near Nowra) to coastal south-eastern Queensland (north-west of Bundaberg). In: Hillis WE, Brown AG, eds. In summary, E. robusta provides a moderately durable hardwood with an air-dry density of 805-900 kg/m³ for wood from natural stands in Australia and 725-800 kg/m³ for plantation timber in Hawaii (Keating and Bolza, 1982). Dvorak WS, 1981. Carlowitz PG von, 1986. South African Forestry Journal, No. http://www.efloras.org/flora_page.aspx?flora_id=2, Govaerts R, 2014. 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Cossid borer ( Endoxyla spp. ) Botanic Gardens, Kew and Phillips ( 1993 ) studied variation... Species ) Florida ( Durst, 1988 ) list several examples of natural and manipulated hybridisation in the in. Individual references in the tropics Propagators ' Society, 32: 98-109 Kalopa, Tantalus,.... University Master ’ s Degree Tissue culture of bulbous Plant and pulpwood production acid, neutral and basic ( )!, this species was also introduced to Florida around 1880, Hawaii,:! Jovanovic T, 1988 ) 1880, Hawaii around 1885, and fruit are! Bees foraging on the chemical constituents of Eucalyptus robusta Sm.- a case study of an advanced generation hardwood program!
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