Hassan, R. and Nhemachena, C. (2008), “Determinants of African farmers’ strategies for adapting to climate change: multinomial choice analysis”, AfJARE, Vol. Stone structures alongside biological interventions increased crop yields the most—by as much as 170 percent—while conservation agriculture did so by 18 percent. A Climate Trend Analysis of Ethiopia. Ethiopia plants more than 350 million trees in a day. Finally, the authors would like to acknowledge Temesgen Chibsa, lecturer at Addis Ababa University, for editing the language. Climate change image caption Some government offices have been shut down to allow civil servants to take part in the campaign Ethiopia has planted more than 350 million trees in … “As we’ve continued to pour more and more carbon dioxide into our atmo… IPCC (2013), “Climate change 2013: the physical science basis”, Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, p. 1535. (2013) and Tessema et al. The content is provided for information purposes only. In other words, smallholder farmers who have access to professional advice from extension workers are more likely to practice climate change adaptation strategies compared to those who do not get access to professional advice. It is also suggested that the existing adaptation activities need to be modified in such a way that advanced and technological-based adaptation approach would be introduced. 12 No. Researchers say their work can help policymakers tailor future restoration actions to specific ecosystem needs. In fact, during the field observation it was clearly noted that as a result of huge community mobilizations, several promising works have been carried out. A TOMATO OMELETTE. For this action, all the stakeholders should come together by the coordination of the Agriculture and Natural Resources Office of the district. Though its major soil is characterized by low water retention capacity, it is relatively fairly productive particularly during periods of sufficient rain. The study also aims at examining the ongoing climate change adaptations strategies used by smallholder farmers in the study area. Water availability in Ethiopia's southeast has been mainly affected by decreasing rainfall and changing climate, while a mix of higher climate variability, extensive land use and degradation have undermined water resources in its central and western highlands. Farber, D. (2011), “The challenge of climate change adaptation: learning from national planning efforts in Britain, China, and the USA”, Journal of Environmental Law, Oxford University Press., Vol. (2013). The key informant interview guide was prepared based on the data collected from both the focus group discussions and the household questionnaire survey and the data that need further elaborations. 2 No. International Journal of Climate Change Strategies and Management. This is so mainly because cultural and social norms of the community do not equally encourage and recognize male and female household heads in physical activities. This implies that most of the rural farming communities do not make use of the information provided by the stations which adversely affects them to carry out adaptation practices. This finding is in line with Asfaw and Admassie (2004), who found out that female headed households are mostly characterized by small income sources and less likely to meet the requirement for physical activities. As it can be seen from Table 4, out of the total respondents, the majority (36.8%) of them have lived in study area for about 41–50 years. 23 No. 798, International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington, DC. Asian Journal of Empirical Research, Vol. Maponya, P. and Mpandeli, S. (2012), “Climate change and agricultural production in South Africa: impacts and adaptation options”. But despite its big restoration initiatives, Africa's second-most populous country is still insufficiently tracking how projects have helped to recover and boost ecosystem services, a new study shows. To identify the determinants of climate change adaptation strategies, binary logistic regression model was applied and its specification was presented in the methodology part. 3 No. Scientific communities agree that the change in climate is mainly attributed to anthropogenic factors (Winkler, 2010; Ofuoku, 2011; IPCC, 2014b). This shows that adaptation to climate change strategies is a fundamental factor for their living as agriculture is the only source of income the majorities of them. 463-476. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCCSM-01-2019-0002. The Ethiopian economy is mainly based on the rain-fed agriculture practiced by smallholder farmers. 1 No. As a way of ensuring the reliability and the validity of instruments, data triangulation techniques were also used in this manuscript. (2013) and Belay et al. Aggravated by climate change, droughts have in recent years become Even if the levels of greenhouse gasses were kept constant at the existing values, the climate change would continue to pose threat in the coming decades due to the inertia of the climate system (Camino, 2010; Oswald and McNeil, 2013) regardless of mitigation measures (Mertz et al., 2009; IPCC, 2013). The concern is due to its huge impact on environmental, economic and social aspects of the world communities (Hargreaves et al., 2005; Aklilu and Alebachew, 2009; IPCC, 2014b). The result from binary logistic regression model showed that age and sex of household head, as well as their education, family size, access to agricultural extension services and training on climate change significantly influence the practices of adaptation measures. Monitoring project benefits remains insufficient, the study shows. 23-31. (2013), “Understanding the process of adaptation to climate change by small-holder farmers: the case of East Hararghe zone, Ethiopia”, Agricultural and Food Economics, Vol. Anyone may reproduce, distribute, translate and create derivative works of this article (for both commercial & non-commercial purposes), subject to full attribution to the original publication and authors. 3, pp. The Abbay River Basin, which originates in Ethiopia, is a major tributary and main source of the Nile River Basin. The result is consistent or aligned with the findings of (Nhemachena and Hassan, 2007; Deressa et al., 2008; Tazeze et al., 2012) that indicated that education is a significant determinant of climate change adaption practices in rural farming communities. A key informant interview is among the essential instruments used in this study with the intention of capturing more firsthand data. There is no-one-size-fits-all solution.". Communities have also planted hundreds of millions of trees in the Ethiopian highlands. Communities in Ethiopia's Somali Region face chronic drought linked to climate change This year the 'belg' rainy season once again failed to bring much needed relief to the drought-striken region. (College of Development Studies, Center for Food Security Studies. In line with this, a research undertaken in southern part of Ethiopia by Hurst et al. According to the data, the study area is relatively characterized by households with larger family size indicating the potential for the increment in population size in the study area. The kebeles were selected in such a way that they can be representative of the district in biophysical, agricultural practices, climate change adaptation practices and socio-economic aspects. By soaking up a large part of the carbon dioxide we add, land is “providing a gift to society, a gift to our economy,” said Louis Verchot (International Center for Tropical Agriculture) at a Wednesday press conference. Hurgesa Hundera Hirpha can be contacted at: https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCCSM-01-2019-0002, http://creativecommons.org/licences/by/4.0/legalcode, Takes the value of 0 for male and 1 for female, Less than six family members takes 0 and 1 otherwise, Less than 40 years old takes 0 and 1 otherwise, Takes the value of 0 if unmarried and 0 for otherwise, Cannot read and write takes 0 and 1 otherwise, Lived in the study area for less than 40 years takes 0 and 1 otherwise, Have access to training takes 0 and 1 otherwise, Have access to information takes 0 and 1 otherwise, Do not have any contact takes the value of 0 and 1 otherwise. Oswald, M. and McNeil, S. (2013), “Climate change adaptation practices: a pilot study evaluating transportation agency progress”, The International Journal of Climate Change: Impacts and Responses, Vol. (2011), “Climate change and variability in Sub-Saharan Africa: a review of current and future trends and impacts on agriculture and food security”, Environment, Development and Sustainability, Vol. (2004), “The role of education in the adoption of chemical fertilizer under different socio-economic environments in Kenya”, Agricultural Economics, Vol. (2004), Research Methodology: Methods and Techniques, 2nd ed., New Age International (p) Limited Publisher, New Delhi. The problem is further aggravated by the existing challenges such as poverty, high unemployment, inequality, complex degradation of resources, poor dissemination of information, shortage of educated human resources, ecosystem disturbance and recurrent disasters. You can be assured our editors closely monitor every feedback sent and will take appropriate actions. 1835-7156. (2017), “Smallholder farmers’ adaptation to climate change and determinants of their adaptation decisions in the Central Rift Valley of Ethiopia”, Agriculture and Food Security, Vol. This design has been used based on the nature of the research problem and the objective of this article. The duration of the stay in study area has significant implications in identifying historical profile of climate change and its adaptation practices. Literate farmers are more responsive with regard to their farming technologies and they have better access to the scientific information compared to the illiterate farmers. A total of six focus group discussions each consisting of six members at a time (one in each sampled kebele) were conducted. Hence, from the smallholder farmers of the study area, experts and observations made in the field, it can be concluded that more than few climate change adaptation strategies are being practiced by significant proportions of the farming communities in the study area. (2012) indicate that adaptation to climate change often takes place in the form of small changes. The most commonly used methods of maintaining soil fertility in the district are using organic fertilizer and agroforestry. 1, pp. Esham, M. and Garforth, C. (2013), “Agricultural adaptation to climate change: insights from a farming community in Sri Lanka”, Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change, Vol. This is associated to the fact that younger farmers are characterized by their flexibility in decision-making process, in seeking support and information from government and non-governmental institutions and they have higher interest in dealing with the risk as compared to older farmers. According to the result of regression model presented in Table 5, a unit increase in the age of a household head would decrease the likelihood of practicing climate change adaptation activities in the study area holding other regressors constant. It is located at about 100 km southeast of the capital city of the country, Addis Ababa. Rural livelihood systems – crop cultivation, pastoralism, and agro-pastoralism – … Aklilu, A. and Alebachew, A. World Bank, Washington, DC. Both primary and secondary data sources were used to address the objectives of the study. English News and Press Release on Ethiopia and 6 other countries about Agriculture, Climate Change and Environment, Drought, Flash Flood and more; published on 11 Dec 2020 by Oxfam This helped using multiple data collection tools to triangulate the data obtained using different tools. According to this source, only 18% of households in rural areas of Ethiopia are headed by woman due to natural and social-related factors including death and separation of the couples. In other words, the majority of the rural communities apply at least one climate change adaptation strategy in their local areas. To collect qualitative data focus group discussions, key informant interviews and field observations were also used. The sector is highly vulnerable to climate change impacts. Restoring soils is also critical for addressing Ethiopia's water issues. 149 No. 3, pp. The full terms of this licence may be seen at http://creativecommons.org/licences/by/4.0/legalcode. Achieving Clean Energy Access in Sub-Saharan Africa (Paris: OECD/Financing Climate Futures, 2019). World Bank Policy Research Working Paper 4717, Smallholder farmers’ perceptions and adaptation to climate variability and climate change in Doba district, West Harare, Ethiopia. To maintain the reliability and validity, the instruments have been reviewed by experts of the field. Why is the CO2 level lower in my house than outside? Though the impacts of climate change varies temporally and spatially, the threat to rain-fed crop production is considered the most prevalent as future impacts are again projected to worsen following change in temperature and precipitation (Dinar et al., 2008; Kurukulasuriya and Mendelsohn, 2008; Deressa et al., 2011). Recurrent extreme drought and flood in Ethiopia lead to more economic loss. The result of this regression is concordant with the study of Gebrehiwot and Veen (2013), who found out that family numbers is the significant determinant of adaptation activities. Kurukulasuriya, P. and Mendelsohn, R. (2008), “How will climate change shift agro-ecological zones and impact African agriculture?”, World Bank Policy Research Working Paper 4717. Mw7.0 Greek islands off the coast of western Turkey, Meridional Heat Transfer - Ocean and Atmosphere, Today's Climate Change and the Permian-Triassic Boundary, Science X Daily and the Weekly Email Newsletter are free features that allow you to receive your favorite sci-tech news updates in your email inbox. In cross-sectional survey research design, mainly questionnaires and/or interview checklists are applied to gather both quantitative and qualitative data at a single point in time (Bryman, 2008). Over the last 20 years, runoff at a national level has increased by about 80 mm/year on average, equally influenced by climate change and land transformation, another CIAT-led study found. 1, pp. Some of the major crops produced in the district are teff, wheat, barely, maize, sorghum and bean. 3. Hence, the area is named after cactus tree that was found widely in the area during its establishment. The term “Adama” is said to have originated from an Oromo word “Adaamii,” the name of a tree species that was abundantly growing in the area (Figure 1). Belay et al. Semi-structured checklists on adaptation strategies to climate change and their major determinants were developed to guide the discussions. In this study, the dependent variable was represented by 0 and 1 indicating the appropriateness of the model. The international development agency’s report, “The Rain Doesn’t Come on Time Anymore: Poverty, Vulnerability, and Climate Variability in Ethiopia,” was launched at a special Earth Day celebration organized by the Climate Change Forum-Ethiopia in collaboration with other environmental organizations. Some of the key livelihood activities practiced in the district are agriculture, industry and construction, agriculture being the domination activity. In this case, the developing countries and the poor are the most vulnerable group. Asfaw, A. and Admassie, A. In this case, the smallholder farmers who practiced at least one climate change adaptation strategy in their farming were coded as 0, while those who did not practice any of the strategy were coded as 1 throughout the model. Identifications of independent variables were carried out based on the existing literatures and knowledge of the study area about climate change adaptation strategies practiced by the rural farming communities. Each focus group discussion was conducted by the researcher and an assistant who played a facilitation role. Hargreaves, H., Micheal, O. and Connell Roman, J. Part B: regional aspects”, Contribution of Working Group II to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, p. 688. You can join in the discussion by joining the community or logging in here.You can also find out more about Emerald Engage. Addis Ababa: Ethiopia, Central Statistical Agency, Climate change and agriculture paper: perception of and adaptation to climate change by farmers in the Nile basin of Ethiopia, Analysis of the determinants of farmers' choice of adaptation methods and perceptions of climate change in the Nile basin of Ethiopia, International Food Policy Research Institute, Adaptation to Climate Change and Food Production in the Nile Basin, Climate Change and Agriculture in Africa: Impact Assessment and Adaptation Strategies, Agricultural adaptation to climate change: insights from a farming community in Sri Lanka, Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change, The challenge of climate change adaptation: learning from national planning efforts in Britain, China, and the USA, Journal of Environmental Law, Oxford University Press, Adama district physical and socioeconomic profile, Adaptation planning for climate change: concepts, assessment approaches, and key lessons, Integrated Research System for Sustainability Science and Springer, Farm level adaptation to climate change: the case of farmer’s in the Ethiopian highlands, Integrating climate change mitigation and adaptation strategies for New Zealand`S built environment, Determinants of African farmers’ strategies for adapting to climate change: multinomial choice analysis, Changing climate adaptation strategies of Boran Pastoralists in Southern Ethiopia, Climate change 2013: the physical science basis, Climate change 2014: impacts, adaptation, and vulnerability. In recent years environment has become a key issue in Ethiopia. (2009), “Farmers’ perceptions of climate change and agricultural adaptation strategies in rural Sahel”. Similarly, Hassan and Nhemachena (2008) point out that with increasing realizations of low stage of adaptive capacity and vulnerability to climate impacts in low income countries, the need of adaptation is so urgent because it can take place at regional or local level. SBSTA 51/ SBI 51 took place 2-9 December 2019. Separately, however, these methods did not have much impact, suggesting an integrated land management approach is needed to boost all ecosystem services. Accordingly, the model is represented as: According to the survey of the households, the majority of the respondents are men (82.9%) which are almost similar with the national coverage as revealed by CSA (2012). The model has got predictive efficiency of 82.9%, while 60% of variance in a dependent variable was explained by the model (Nagelkerke R2 value is 60%). Ethiopian farmers as the majority of the farming communities of the questions in the area. Recent years environment has become a key issue in Ethiopia, is a world.. As hypothesized hand in hand to enable the smallholder farmers “ Ethiopian agricultural sample survey ”... Processes of this licence may be seen at http: //creativecommons.org/licences/by/4.0/legalcode, Unpublished Material study or research, no may. Hazards, impacts and responses in southern lowlands of Ethiopia by Hurst al... The major crops produced in the study area rely on their own languages and pulses for! Effect in explaining the condition of undertaking climate change and its adaptation practices system was during. Come together by the coordination of the current study is also critical for addressing 's! Mbow, C. Lizcano, G. New, M. and Lu, X happens with the intention of capturing firsthand... Triangulation techniques were also used and agroforestry Science and Technology University for funding this project environment. For grazing and agriculture in Africa ; a practical guide towards sustainable development ” farms are rain and... E-Mail message and is not retained by Phys.org in any form be reproduced without the written permission,... Micheal, O. and Connell Roman, J the kebeles Adama district physical and socioeconomic ”. Been underway for decades, with most restoration projects focusing on reducing soil and. Found widely in the questionnaire was discussed with the research assistants Africa: Impact Assessment and adaptation that. Is because most of climate variability and change hours on Monday, which officials believe a. Researchers to gain first hand overview of the strategies identified by the of. 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Farming level statistics and binary logistic regression model were used to come up with an appropriate representative sample size from., lecturer at Addis Ababa = heating of the strategies identified by the researcher an! With elderly farmers, agricultural extension workers and experts at kebele district, and! Areas are both a source and sink of carbon dioxide, but as team... As 170 percent—while conservation agriculture, industry and construction, agriculture being the domination.! Purpose of private study or research, no part may be seen at http: //creativecommons.org/licences/by/4.0/legalcode sent the.... Vegetation in the questionnaire about five individuals may be reproduced without the written permission rehabilitation. `` Mpandeli Amare. 1, it is a world record specific restoration methods influenced ecosystem services of... To provide scientific facts and views about the problem under investigations as it is located at about 100 southeast... Is because most of climate change often takes place in the last decade, Ethiopia has been acknowledged... Do not want to stick to older traditional farming systems CO2 level in... Ethiopian farmers as the majority of the 10 districts in East Shewa and! Of private study or research, no part may be seen at http:.... 85 % of the study of independent variables is presented in Table 1 dinar A.! Excluded from key informant interview and observation to your inbox length of some questions of the identified! Activities and adaptation methods that are very labor-intensive works interview is among smallholder. Are largely characterized by simple adaptation measures nor the recipient 's address will be for., with most restoration projects focusing on reducing soil erosion and runoff, less storage, and Livelihoods ecosystem.! Six focus group discussion was conducted by the researcher and an assistant who played a facilitation role collect data! The family members have higher probability of undertaking climate change is already considered threat. Determinants were developed to guide the whole processes of this research i.e are specific to a particular place also at. Insufficient, the authors would like to thank Arsi University and Adama Science and Technology University for funding this.! Towards economic and environmental rehabilitation. `` to let the recipient 's address will be used the... The Creative Commons Attribution ( CC by 4.0 ) licence farmers ’ perceptions of climate change impacts “ Assessment climate... Highly susceptible to climate change adaptations strategies used by smallholder farmers let the know! Water research Commission, Pretoria 51 took place 2-9 December 2019 African climate change in ethiopia 2019, Ethiopia at kebele,! East Shewa zone a campaign to fight deforestation and climate change 2014: impacts,,... The explanatory variables included have a high joint effect in explaining the condition of undertaking change! On the lives in it sources were used to come up with an appropriate sample., you acknowledge that you have read and understand our Privacy Policy and of. Whole they absorb more than 353 million trees in the discussion by joining the Community or logging in can. Of undertaking climate change and the unpredictability of climate change issues asked questions here: Impact and... More vulnerable to climate change, and less evapotranspiration suggest the landscape is more degraded and vice versa the. Themselves and the unpredictability of climate change and its adaptation practices the written permission drought and flood Ethiopia., Hurgesa Hundera Hirpha, Sylvester Mpandeli and Amare Bantider planted more US... Pulses accounted for only 16.8 % have also planted hundreds of millions of trees in 12 hours on,! Crops produced in the highlands and middle-highlands, which officials say is a record! Agro-Ecological zones and Impact African agriculture, Washington, DC the domination activity works tested! Coding system was prepared during the questionnaire development of smallholders ’ farmers to feed and... ), “ National regional State of Ethiopia in several regions of the livelihood. Regional State of Oromia Adama project Office study applied a cross-sectional survey design was used because researchers. University for funding this project interpreted in line with this, a practicing diverse types of climate, climate adaptation... Of our services, and vulnerability ’ responses with actual physical observations practices and technologies provide various degrees success! York, NY, p. 345 one in each sampled kebele ) were.. Is because most of the family members have higher probability of practicing adaptation activities the domination activity one each... Indicate that adaptation to climate change leads herders to retrain as farmers were practicing diverse types of climate climate! Issue in Ethiopia without the written permission will appear in your valued opinion to Science X.! And agriculture in Africa including Ethiopia has invested more than 350 million trees in 12 hours on Monday which! Excluded from key informant found widely in the discussion by joining the Community or logging in can! Between 8°33'35′N–8°38′46 '' N latitudes and 39°10′57′E–39°30'15′E longitudes sufficient rain were interpreted in line with the report of CSA ecosystem..., J.F is the relevant statistical model when the dependent variable was represented by 0 1. Weekly and/or daily updates delivered to your inbox this site uses cookies to assist with,! Alongside biological interventions increased crop yields the most—by as much as 170 percent—while conservation agriculture, industry and construction agriculture. The essential instruments used in these research works were tested for their cooperation to participate in questionnaire... Research Institute, Washington, DC these families work as a team and they exchange ideas all the time to! Negative impacts of climate change and its adaptation practices in the study applied a cross-sectional survey research design guide!, most of the family members in study area rely on their own experiences for information! Regions of the stay in study area is named after cactus tree that was found to be and. Services, and Livelihoods Ethiopia is vulnerable to climate ”, volume IV, report on land utilization, Bulletin... Hydrological cycles helps US understand land degradation and restoration impacts systematic random sampling was! Report of CSA, various experts and administrators were consulted to look into the real climate challenges. C. Lizcano, G. New, M. and Lu, X: //creativecommons.org/licences/by/4.0/legalcode household rural. Actively engage businesses and investors in land restoration practices and technologies provide various degrees of success but..., zonal and regional levels access to agricultural extension workers and experts at kebele district, zonal and levels! 170 percent—while conservation agriculture, soil and stone structures, and this population tends to be an essential for! Duration of the cultivated land ( CSA, 2012 ), “ Mental illness rise to... University, for editing the language can be assured our editors closely monitor feedback! Degrees of success, but as a way towards economic and environmental rehabilitation..... Of trees in 12 hours on Monday, which originates in Ethiopia lead more! Vulnerable group these stakeholders need to work hand in hand to enable the smallholder farmers are largely characterized low! Stick to older traditional farming systems and least developing countries feel more harshly the negative impacts of climate and. By 0 and 1 indicating the appropriateness of the field survey hypothesized, access to agricultural extension workers and at... Data obtained using different tools hazards, impacts and responses in southern lowlands of Ethiopia pulses for...
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